SQL & PL SQL Overview

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The Oracle database environment

• Reviewing basic architecture concepts
• Oracle 10g Architecture
• Main features of 9i and 10g

Basic SQL*PLUS commands

• Using script files, START, @, GET, SAVE, LIST, PROMPT, PAUSE, ACCEPT, DEFINE, SPOOL

Basic SELECT Statement

• Writing the statement in SQL plus, Running the SELECT statement

Ordering the output

• Single Column, Descending order, multiple column sorts

conditional retrieval of data

• Working with complex conditions, AND OR NOT LIKE BETWEEN

Working with variables

• Creating and using variables, Command substitution

Pseudo columns and functions

• Pseudo Columns, Row num, Sys date, User & UID, the Dual Table
• Working with character functions
• UPPER, LOWER, INITCAP, RPAD(), RTRIM(), SUBSTR(), INSTR(), TRANSLATE(), REPLACE(), GREATEST(), LEAST(), DECODE
• Working with date functions
• TO_CHAR(), TO_DATE(), MONTHS_BETWEEN(), ADD_MONTHS(), LAST_DAY(), NEXT_DAY()

Using non-character function

• ROUND (), TRUNC (), SIGN (), Working with multiple tables, Different type of Joins, Writing Outer Joins

Using the SET operators

• Union, Intersect, minus

Aggregating data using group functions

• GROUP BY, HAVING

Creating Subqueries

• Single Row subqueries, Multiple row Subqueries

Enhancing groups function

• ROLLUP, CUBE

Transaction Control Language

• Rollback, Commit, save point

Processing hierarchies

• creating the Tree structure, LEVEL, CONNECT BY

Data Manipulation Language

• INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

Data Definition Language

• CREATE, TRUNCATE, ALTER, DROP, RENAME, DESCRIBE

Using Declarative Constraints

• Views, Sequences, Synonyms, Indexes, USER_TABLES, USER_TAB_COLUMNS, USER_OBJECTS, USER_IND_COLUMNS, USER_UPDATEABLE_COLUMNS, Materialized Views, Other Data dictionary views

Database Security

• Object Privileges, Granting access to objects

Improving query performance

• Planning and managing the tuning process, Employing tuning tools, Running EXPLAIN PLAN and auto trace, SQL Trace and TKPROF output, Optimizer concepts, Fundamentals of access paths, Gathering object and system statistics with DBMS_STATS, Utilizing hints and optimizer mode, Specifying the first-rows optimization, Determining the driving table

Other Concepts

• The Relational Database Model, The system Development Lifecycle, Overview of normalization

PL/SQL

Blocks

• Structure, Writing Anonymous Blocks

Variables

• Oracle Data types, TYPE and ROWTYPE declarations, Value assignments

Control structures

• IF ELSE ENDIF statement, IF ELSIF ELSE ENDIF statement, LOOP END , LOOP statement, WHILE condition, FOR condition

Cursors

• Implicit and Explicit Cursors, Cursor Manipulation statements, OPEN FETCH CLOSE EXIT-WHEN

Procedures

• Creating and Calling Procedures

Functions

• Creating and Calling Functions

Packages

• Package Header, Package Body

Design Tips and Techniques

• The format of standard packages in an application, Spec and Body, NOCOPY hint

Triggers

• Database triggers, calling procedures from triggers

Dynamic SQL

• EXECUTE IMMEDIATE, DBMS_SQL package

Oracle-Supplied packages

• DBMS_OUTPUT, UTL_FILE

Collection data types

• Associative Arrays, Nested tables, VARRAYs